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802.15.4 and Zigbee solutions RF4CE ultra low power system
How to design ultra low-power ZigBee RF4CE and 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks
The new receiver-centered communication driver Chip Architecture Design
As Cees Links, CEO of GreenPeak www.greenpeak.com
Wi-Fi is evolving communication between people and computers for communications between machines. A third wave of wireless technology is after integration almost all parts of cellular telephones and wireless Internet (Wi-Fi) in our lives.
This third meaning wave wireless wireless control networks that can connect and control all types of equipment in our homes and businesses – from the freezer to the light switches, consumer electronics (TV, DVD player) and remote sensors to the detection or protection, and lock doors and windows in our homes (as we used in our cars).
Unfortunately, most, use of wireless technology today, wireless sensors and controls require the use of a large number of batteries to create environmental problems (toxic chemicals and heavy metals) and a serious maintenance problem (batteries continuously exchange). Therefore Mobile Ultra low power require very little energy is of great interest.
This includes systems that can operate on an element single battery for the life of a device, including wireless networks and sensors that can be powered by energy recovery (sometimes called energy recovery). Networking ultra low power wireless systems that can run on energy available in the environment instead of batteries is an exciting new technology.
Last year, the ZigBee organization has partnered with several of the largest consumer electronics companies in the world (Panasonic, Philips, Sony and Samsung) to form what is called ZigBee RF4CE (Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics). This Industry Association notes Development of a new generation of Remote Control devices – for TV, home automation and offices for many other types remote control products that communicate via low-power RF instead of IR decades old (infrared). By using these new communication technologies, soon see a wide range of range of remote devices that are not only interoperable between brands and models, but they require little energy that the batteries never been changed or recharged. It is even possible to design and build remote controls that do not require no batteries at all and get their power from energy recovery.
The challenges of wireless sensor networks
The major technical challenge for the development of these sensors Ultra Low Power network is the management of energy consumption without reducing the scope or features such as speed and respect. Removal after replacing the battery, and to facilitate maintenance and provide greater ease of use and safety.
Ultra low power consumption
It is obvious that the energy consumption – milli-amps – and the duty cycle are important in wireless sensor networks. No. However, to minimize the power consumption is only part of the solution. There are several issues that are essential to the development of applications, low-power wireless sensor but it all starts by developing a chip ultra low power radio transceiver.
Using a chip design communication controller centered design rather than focusing on the microcontroller, and synchronized post-ups, you can reduce total energy consumption by 65% or more.
Most solutions require the transceiver MCU be any time during the transmission of a packet. Use of technology pilot GP500 GreenPeak media, the MCU is only necessary to process the data transmitted or received.
Most wireless networks are based in a low-power processor-centric approach that requires a microcontroller to manage all the information to the transceiver. This requires the microcontroller to stay awake all the time which in turn require more power. Using more energy efficient approach to communications controller, the transceiver can transmit and receive data independently of the microprocessor and the microprocessor is awake and is used only when necessary to further process the data.
For a planner based on material timing and the chip itself, the radio wakes up only when necessary to see if there is data to send. If not, go to sleep. If it is the data is sent, the controller wakes up the microcontroller. The chip then communicates information and then back to sleep until the next time you programmed to wake up. 9999 times out of 10,000 – there is no message to send and the driver is not required to energize the microprocessor. Whenever you send data, fleas also transmit a synchronization message to ensure that all wake up together in the next cycle.
By enabling communication driver to decide when to wake up and check messages, you can significantly reduce overall energy consumption. Due to the programming and timer within controller communication, the system wakes up only for a brief moment to check if a message goes back to sleep. Allowing sleep microprocessor until ready to serve, you can save over 65% of energy consumption compared to a type still in the transceiver Traditional
If you multiply the individual node power saving via a wireless network of over 100 knots, it is clear that any network will be able to work with much less energy of a traditional network-based microprocessor.
energy savings tip
There are three classic states wireless sensor node platform for wireless sensor for use common. Everyone has their own level of consumption. In the state of one hand the microprocessor and the transceiver in sleep mode (10μA). In two states, the microprocessor is activated when the radio is idle (10 mA). In state three, the transceiver and the microprocessor is awake (27 mA).
When closely examining the behavior of energy consumption electronic circuits, it becomes evident what initially looks like a flat curve has done more resemblance to a mountain range with peaks and valleys. When certain functional blocks are enabled, they draw the maximum current. When two blocks start at the same time, the peak amplitude doubles.
The secret of the power reduction maximum of care management and turn-off time for the key to the double peaks can be avoided.
Synchronized Wake and sleep can reduce energy consumption for low-power mesh networks
One of the differences greater between the sensor and wireless communications technologies other well-known wireless technologies is the ability of sensor nodes to transfer messages from other nodes located further down the chain of communication. This technique, known as mesh or multi-hop routing network offers a reliable and efficient infrastructure that includes large, beyond the range of what we can do a wireless link.
For a node to forward a message received from another node, you must be a way to wake up and received when the message arrives home wireless. Unfortunately, receive mode requires as much power as the batteries can drain in days. As modern life is too short for most applications of real life, The simplest solution, as specified by the standards of most industries, is to limit the ability of multi-hop nodes that are connected permanently sector. In this context, low power devices, it is assumed that in sleep mode most of the time, are not able to relay messages from other devices. These low power devices, known as the terminals at the end or the beginning of the chain of communication.
This framework, which combines the power mesh routing devices and network equipment power at low rpm, works for some applications. Take for example, the application of office lighting that uses wireless interconnected lamps and switches. The lamps, which are connected to the power house main power mesh routing node communication. Switches, which are not of power grids is a natural for the final devices.
Many other applications are not within this framework. In applications such as gas detection, fire detection, access control, precision agriculture, monitoring of the battlefield, perimeter surveillance, stores control of temperature, etc., the network is not available or present at the moment. Running a power cable in these applications would be prohibitively expensive, clearing the benefit of wireless communications.
To cope with such applications requires low electricity consumption by creating multi-hop networks, and low power routing, in which all nodes, including mesh routing nodes, running low-power mode.
Using a "synchronized care" system, it is possible to coordinate the activity of a receipt way that eliminates the need for mesh routing nodes to run continuously in receive mode, which significantly reduces energy consumption. The image below shows the weakness of the power routing work when the node wants to send a message to node C through node B. All nodes in the photos are nodes in the consumption and sleep most of the time.
By synchronizing cycles of sleep and awakening to the other nodes, nodes wake up when they expect a message from a neighboring node. This enables routing nodes to operate in an almost no sleep at most time, thereby achieving power operation Ultra-low energy. It is clear that after more companies will be the extent necessary to carry data, such as lymph neighbors are not always available to transmit data. However, the additional power needed to newspapers after-ups and the time is more than offset by the energy saved by eliminating the need for continuous operation mode.
Since its inception, the technology of wireless sensors has been associated with a low power electronics. Most sensor networks Wireless are designed for low power, low-power, which means they consume little energy when turned on. This is not enough. By using communication chips based transceiver, wireless mesh networks, and after sleep cycles synchronized, developers can now create systems do not even need batteries and instead use energy recovery to power the network sensors from sources of energy from the environment.
The wireless sensor network standard – IEEE 802.15.4
Transceivers for wireless sensor dominant and probably only real standard is IEEE 802.15.4. However, there have been efforts to use Bluetooth wireless sensor for low power. In most reported cases, Bluetooth and W-Fi is used a non-standard, in fact, weaving the principles of IEEE 802.15.4 in its native application. It is now widely accepted that IEEE 802.15.4 offers the best basis for networks of wireless sensors.
In addition to IEEE 802.15.4, a number of technology vendors have chosen to build transceivers property. The main motivation seems to be reducing the complexity and thus potentially low cost. However, it remains to see if a proprietary solution will never achieve sufficient volumes to this point is theoretically cheaper. In addition, the complexity reduction will automatically be associated with sacrificing performance and limit its applicability.
Proprietary technologies are vulnerable for two reasons: (1) the owner Technology control specifications and therefore also the price, and (2) the customer depends on the owner of the improved technology and supply uninterrupted.
Even within the limits of standards, technology providers can identify and exploit opportunities make a difference.
For example GreenPeak developed transceiver and battery technology network that meets IEEE 802.15.4/2.4 GHz, but includes additional features that allow its use for ultra low power applications. An application of energy Ultra-low is defined as an application that is able to live in a button-type battery or external power from an environment solar cell, a manifold of vibrational energy or other environmental power converter.
About the Author
Cees Links is CEO and founder of GreenPeak Technologies, based in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Cees ["case"] Links is a pioneer of the wireless data industry, a visionary leader bringing the world of mobile computing and continuous networking together. Under his guidance, the first wireless LANs were developed which ultimately became house-hold technology integrated into the PCs and notebooks we are all familiar with. He also pioneered the development of access points, home networking routers and hotspot base stations, all widely used today.
He was involved in establishing the IEEE 802.11 standard, the Wi-Fi Alliance, and IEEE 802.15 standardization committee.
Impulse-based ultra-wide-band (UWB) radio systems and applications
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